GANGS IN PRISONS

Select an issue in corrections (from the list below). The minimum length of the paper should be 3 full pages. It must be typed (word processed) in Microsoft Word with Times New Roman font, be double spaced throughout, and have 1 inch margins all around (both sides, top, and bottom) with 12 font size. Please do not deviate from this format or minimum page requirement; you will lose points.

Because this is a small paper, I only want you to use two references (only 2 – no more or no less). This means only two references should be listed on your Reference Page and only these two references should be cited in your paper. Both of these references must be “academic articles” (from academic journals) and both must be retrieved from the EKU online library (click on the “Library Resources” menu button on the left for guidance).

You MUST use APA formatting throughout this paper (as outlined in the “APA Style Writing Tips” document posted below). The reference page must be formatted EXACTLY as shown in the document; citing in the paper must be formatted EXACTLY as shown in the document (different examples are shown). If you use information from the text, you must cite these in your paper and include the textbook in your reference page (using correct APA format).

Include a title/cover page following the APA format (must include a header/running head with the paper title and page numbers). The reference page and cover page do not count in the 3 page minimum.

This paper is due on Tuesday by 10:00PM of week 8 (last week of the course) and is worth 100 points, but do not wait until the last minute to get started. Be sure to carefully view the grading rubric below to see how the points are distributed.

The requirements for the paper are as follows (DO NOT include an abstract). Please include the following headings for each requirement below:

Introduction
• Write an Introduction describing the issue (what is the issue, why is it important, etc.).
Existing Problems
• Describe the problems that exist that make it less effective than possible (also, give some history, some background leading up to the problems that exist today, etc.)

Evidence of Ineffectiveness
• Give evidence of its ineffectiveness (what’s going on that shows the system isn’t working; has it always been this way; was it ever better or worse, etc.?).

Suggestion for Improvement
• Suggest one way it might be resolved or improved upon to enhance the operation of the corrections system (what do you think would work better?).

Implementation
• How could your suggestion for improvement be implemented (what steps should be taken; what should be done first, second, etc.)?

Resolution
• Describe how your suggestion might resolve or improve this issue (give examples or comparisons; in what ways could your plan “fix” what is broken?).
NOTE: The first page begins with the heading “Introduction”; only the running header should be above this. The headings should be in bold font with the same spacing throughout (double spaced – this includes after headings and paragraphs). ALL 6 headings must be included in the paper. Five points will be deducted for each heading that isn’t included (this could total up to 30 points so please include all of them!).
The following are definitions of scholarly articles and journals. These are the types of articles that you will use throughout your college courses. Magazine and newspaper articles as well as Wikipedia (whose content is entirely user-generated; anyone can create or change entries on the site) are not acceptable sources to use in collegiate writing, such as papers or bibliographies.

1. Article with DOI assigned
Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482–488. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
a. The final or archival version of the article is being referenced, so there is no need to include retrieval date.
b. The article was retrieved from the PsycARTICLES database. However, no database name or URL is needed because the DOI functions as both a unique identifier of the content (taking the place of a database name or accession number) and a link to the content (taking the place of a URL).
2. Article with no DOI assigned
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100
a. If there is no DOI assigned, give the exact URL (if the content is open-access) or the URL of the journal home page (if the content is accessible by subscription).
b. No retrieval date is included because the final version of the article is being referenced.

3. Textbook
May, D. C., Minor, K. I., Ruddell, R. & Matthews, B. A. (2008). Corrections and the criminal justice system. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Citing References in the Paper

1. The citation should appear before the period that concludes the sentence:
Exposure therapy should be integrated in trauma treatment (Stultz, 2006).
(alternative examples)
In 2006, Stultz found that exposure should be integrated in trauma treatment.
Stultz (2006) found that exposure therapy should be integrated in trauma treatment.
2. Page numbers should be used when quoting directly. Note that quotation marks occur before the citation; the closing period after the citation:

“With respect to the future, correctional professionals must realize that reliable and valid research should be performed before correctional management techniques can be professionally endorsed and accepted for general practice” (Wells, 1987, p. 49).
3. When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in text:
Too often, only the mechanical aspects of statistics are mastered, and little understanding of the process or of the philosophy inherent in the use of research and statistical procedures is gained (Layne & Wells, 1990).
4. When a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs, then only the first author followed by et al. in subsequent citations:
(1st citation)
There are several different parenting styles to choose from (Jones, Adams, Baker, Fisher, & Smith, 2008).
(subsequent citations)
Though many couples use the same parenting styles, not all children turn out the same (Jones et al., 2008).
5. When a work has six or more authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. for the first and subsequent citations:
Early onset results in a more severe case of the disease (Williams et al., 2006). (Note: All authors must be listed on the reference page – see example below in red.)
Williams, C. J., Anders, P. G., Cannon, A. J., Brown, S. D., Ingle, D. R., Stevens, A. J., & Smith, H. G. (2006). Stages of mental illness: Clues to early diagnosis. Psychology of Health, 20(3), 354-400. doi: 10.1111/1111111111.

General Rules
• Begin the reference list on a new page at the end of your paper. The page begins with the word References (Reference if there is only one), centered at the top, middle of the page, using both upper and lower case. If the references take up more than one page, do not re-type the word References on sequential pages; simply continue your list.
• Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name.
• The author(s) should be listed by last name (comma, space) first initial (period, space) and middle initial if given (period). All authors must be listed on the reference page (see example below).
• If no author is given, begin the citation with the title and alphabetize by the first letter of the first word.
• Give in parentheses the year the work was published. If no date is available, write (n.d.).
• Only the first letter of the first word in the title (and first word of subtitle, if one is used) and proper nouns should be capitalized.
• Use italics for journal titles and volume numbers.
• If an issue number is given, place in parentheses immediately after the volume number (no space), but do not italicize.
• Capitalize the first letter of all the important words in the names of journals.
• Use one space after all punctuation and between initials of authors.
• The first line of the reference is flush left. Lines thereafter are indented as a group, a few spaces, to create a hanging indention.
• Double space throughout all reference entries.
• References cited in the text of your paper must appear in the reference list; conversely, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

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